Interior Design 101: A Beginner’s Guide to Key Terms & Concepts

If you’re diving into your first design project and feeling overwhelmed by the lingo, you’re not alone. Interior design comes with its own language, and understanding a few key terms can help you feel more confident and empowered in the process. Whether you're working with a designer or tackling a space on your own, this guide will help you navigate the fundamentals.

1. Space Planning

This is the foundation of any well-designed room. Space planning refers to how furniture and decor are arranged in a room to maximize functionality and flow. Good space planning ensures a room feels open, balanced, and comfortable, not crowded or disjointed.

2. Floor Plan

A floor plan is a scale drawing that shows the layout of a room or home from above. It helps visualize how everything will fit and relate to each other, and it’s an essential part of the design process.

3. Mood Board

A visual collage that combines textures, colors, materials, and inspiration images to help set the tone for a space. Mood boards are a tool we use early in the design process to align on aesthetic direction.

4. Palette

A color palette is the group of colors used throughout a space to create harmony and cohesion. This can include wall colors, fabrics, furniture finishes, and accent tones. A well-curated palette creates a consistent mood.

5. Scale & Proportion

These terms refer to the size relationship between items in a room. Scale relates to the size of a piece relative to the room itself, while proportion refers to how elements relate to each other. Getting both right is essential for balance.

6. Focal Point

Every room needs a star—something the eye is naturally drawn to. A fireplace, a piece of art, or a dramatic light fixture can all serve as a focal point. It helps anchor the room and guide the design.

7. Style Terms

• Transitional: A blend of traditional and contemporary styles.

• Modern: Clean lines, minimalism, and a focus on function.

• Coastal: Inspired by the beach, often using soft blues, whites, and natural textures.

• Rustic: Emphasizes natural materials, weathered finishes, and a cozy, lived-in feel.

8. Custom vs. Off-the-Shelf

Custom items are made to order and tailored to your space, while off-the-shelf items are mass-produced and readily available. Custom can offer better fit and quality, while off-the-shelf is typically quicker and more budget-friendly.

9. Layers

Great design is about more than big furniture pieces. Layers include rugs, throw pillows, artwork, lighting, and decor that bring depth and personality to a space.

10. Function First

Beautiful spaces are only successful when they work well for the people who live in them. That’s why every design decision should ultimately support how you use the space.

Understanding these terms is just the beginning. Interior design is a journey, and the more you learn, the more empowered you’ll feel to make decisions that reflect your lifestyle and aesthetic. If you're ready to take the next step with expert guidance, let's chat.

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